Improvement in the modes of making wells



@sind l WILLIAMMASON or PROVLDECE, RHODE ISLAND.

Lettersrtent No.711213, dated Marcil 14.18'21.

l 1, WILLIAM Ii/IASON, of the cityand county ol' -Providenee,"jStnte of` lthode Island, `have invented i certniu- I nnn'ovfeniel'lts in Wells, of which the followingis aspeeiiitettion 4 My inver-dion pe'rtiiin's t' an improved inode of con-z' Strnoting dug wells,` n ,ndnirns` :it lessening the time,

1nbor,nnd expense-fhitherto attending the operation,

andz providing rendynnd conve-nient menus of deep ening'the samewhenrnecessary. In carrying out -my plan, l' connnence by excavatingctishnllow cavity in theearth in the nso-edwin',

`.then apply cement to the` earth wall, andv thus pro-` ceed,alternately excavetingand applying cement, n ntilwater is reached`,-When I employ-arcement cylinder to enable meto `deepen `the well, yet furthelgor to keep back the sendl aindtvnterwhich accumulate more or lessrapidly. i

` In the. accompanying drawingi Figure 1 represents the top or capstone of the well. Figure 2 is ,a `verticall transverse section of a well from -top to bottom, the different parts bei ng indicated by the following letters;

c represents the capstone. Y

l fb, the ybrick-work.

au a a, the vertical cement walls ofthe well, closely and, intimately joined ornnited bythe plastic and adhesive-quality of the cement to the composition of the `various stmtnms'by which it passes, thereby forming an impervious coating over thestratmns at the suine time the cement forms n portion ofthe strntums,

as it were, `by its intinnte connection.

Figures 3 land 11a-re plan and elevationo a cement cyliru'ler, `alsoshown by the letters d d, which is settled into the wnter after lthe cementing of the weil is completed; f i

` The letter y at the bottoni of the well shows grarell,

` `which I usually pl'aec there after settling the cement cylinder. t

. Lhe other letters y g indcate'grnvel strntnxns, usunll y `passed through in digging down.

Strat-ums of' nmrl or. clay are shown byletters in fm.

These' strntninsnre very fine in their eornpositon, also very dense oiclnnpnot, through which waiter passes lVery slowly, very lunch like.perspiration pnssing olfl through thepores of' the skin,'thereby rery thoroughly purifying the witter.

" 1,. IMPROVEMENT INTHE MoDEs oFMAKiNG WELLS.

l The Schenle referred to din these Letters Patent:- and making of theyanue.

Met/lod of Construction.

"I Acommence by digging down about two feet, then lay two br th'ree coursesoi' brick around liirndy in ennent, their inner dizuneter being' oi' the diameter I proposeto lnnke the well. v

I 'then dig down about three or four feet, und commence and cement down from the courses ofV brick',

then alternately dig und ce1iie1it'-ul1til. the requisite depth is'reaehe'd,usually cementing a. little belowr the wntenline. v

Thenuhzwing previously prepared the cement cylinderd, I lower it to the bottom of the well, then settle it into the water. the required depth by digging inside and under. the eylinder."1lhs cylinder I usually malte a trifle vless in diameter than the diameter of the well.

After settling thecylindedlproceed and finish up the top, by bricking it up as high 'as required, and place the capstone in cement over the brick-work, when vthe well is completed.

Should it ever be necessary to go down lower, to get water' by reason of' insufficient supply, the cement cylinder 'may be settled as before, and the sides of the Vwell lcemented lower if necessary.

lIt will be obvious that byfmy plan of' constructing wells the water willbe much' purer than' water obtained from stone Wells,- for the reason that by my plan all surface-'water is excluded, as before described. p By my plnn the cost of constructing a well is considerabl y lessened. Y

.ln mniy stone wells, especially' in cities, the water which ,was goed when the wells were first constructed,

has becomeimpure, because they become 'receivers of the constant drainage ot' the nearest privies, cesspools,

85e., receiving imperfcetly-ltereil ilnids nt all points from the top to the bottom through the open stonework.

Clin/im.

IVhat I clairn is- .'Ihe mode oi' constructing wells by means of the cement (t und cylinder [1,-in the mnnner set forth.

' WILLIAM MASON.

Witnesses: i

E'nNnznn RICHMOND, VoLNnY W. MASON. 

